Help

运行外壳应用程序通常意味着用户处于受图形限制的环境中。此外，虽然我们在移动电话时代几乎始终处于连接状态，但并非始终都能访问 Web 浏览器或任何其他富 UI 应用程序（例如 PDF 查看器）。这就是外壳命令正确进行自我记录非常重要的原因，此时可使用 help 命令。

Running a shell application often implies that the user is in a graphically limited environment. Also, while we are nearly always connected in the era of mobile phones, accessing a web browser or any other rich UI application (such as a PDF viewer) may not always be possible. This is why it is important that the shell commands are correctly self-documented, and this is where the help command comes in.

输入 help + ENTER 会列出 shell 已知的（包括 unavailable 命令）所有命令，以及它们的作用的简短描述，如下所示：

Typing help + ENTER lists all the commands known to the shell (including unavailable commands) and a short description of what they do, similar to the following:

my-shell:>help
AVAILABLE COMMANDS

Built-In Commands
       exit: Exit the shell.
       help: Display help about available commands
       stacktrace: Display the full stacktrace of the last error.
       clear: Clear the shell screen.
       quit: Exit the shell.
       history: Display or save the history of previously run commands
       completion bash: Generate bash completion script
       version: Show version info
       script: Read and execute commands from a file.

键入 help <command> 会显示有关命令的更详细信息，包括可用参数、其类型、它们是否为必填项以及其他详细信息。

Typing help <command> shows more detailed information about a command, including the available parameters, their type, whether they are mandatory or not, and other details.

以下列表显示了应用于其自身的 help 命令：

The following listing shows the help command applied to itself:

my-shell:>help help
NAME
       help - Display help about available commands

SYNOPSIS
       help --command String

OPTIONS
       --command or -C String
       The command to obtain help for.
       [Optional]

帮助是模板化的，并且可以在需要时进行定制。设置位于 spring.shell.command.help，可以在其中使用 enabled 禁用命令，使用 grouping-mode 和 group 或 flat 通过扁平化结构隐藏组，使用 command-template 定义用于命令帮助输出的模板，使用 commands-template 定义命令列表的输出。

Help is templated and can be customized if needed. Settings are under spring.shell.command.help where you can use enabled to disable command, grouping-mode taking group or flat if you want to hide groups by flattening a structure, command-template to define your template for output of a command help, commands-template to define output of a command list.

如果设置了 spring.shell.command.help.grouping-mode=flat，则帮助会显示：

If spring.shell.command.help.grouping-mode=flat is set, then help would show:

my-shell:>help help
AVAILABLE COMMANDS

exit: Exit the shell.
help: Display help about available commands
stacktrace: Display the full stacktrace of the last error.
clear: Clear the shell screen.
quit: Exit the shell.
history: Display or save the history of previously run commands
completion bash: Generate bash completion script
version: Show version info
script: Read and execute commands from a file.

help 和 help <commmand> 的输出都使用默认实现进行了模板化，该实现可以更改。

Output from help and help <commmand> are both templated with a default implementation which can be changed.

选项 spring.shell.command.help.commands-template 默认为 classpath:template/help-commands-default.stg，并被传递 GroupsInfoModel 为模型。

Option spring.shell.command.help.commands-template defaults to classpath:template/help-commands-default.stg and is passed GroupsInfoModel as a model.

选项 spring.shell.command.help.command-template 默认为 classpath:template/help-command-default.stg，并被传递 CommandInfoModel 为模型。

Option spring.shell.command.help.command-template defaults to classpath:template/help-command-default.stg and is passed CommandInfoModel as a model.

Table 1. GroupsInfoModel Variables
Key	Description
`showGroups`	`true` if showing groups is enabled. Otherwise, false.
`groups`	The commands variables (see GroupCommandInfoModel Variables).
`commands`	The commands variables (see CommandInfoModel Variables).
`hasUnavailableCommands`	`true` if there is unavailable commands. Otherwise, false.

Table 2. GroupCommandInfoModel Variables
Key	Description
`group`	The name of a group, if set. Otherwise, empty.
`commands`	The commands, if set. Otherwise, empty. Type is a multi value, see CommandInfoModel Variables.

Table 3. CommandInfoModel Variables
Key	Description
`name`	The name of a command, if set. Otherwise, null. Type is string and contains full command.
`names`	The names of a command, if set. Otherwise, null. Type is multi value essentially `name` splitted.
`aliases`	The possible aliases, if set. Type is multi value with strings.
`description`	The description of a command, if set. Otherwise, null.
`parameters`	The parameters variables, if set. Otherwise empty. Type is a multi value, see CommandParameterInfoModel Variables.
`availability`	The availability variables (see CommandAvailabilityInfoModel Variables).

Table 4. CommandParameterInfoModel Variables
Key	Description
`type`	The type of a parameter if set. Otherwise, null.
`arguments`	The arguments, if set. Otherwise, null. Type is multi value with strings.
`required`	`true` if required. Otherwise, false.
`description`	The description of a parameter, if set. Otherwise, null.
`defaultValue`	The default value of a parameter, if set. Otherwise, null.
`hasDefaultValue`	`true` if defaultValue exists. Otherwise, false.

Table 5. CommandAvailabilityInfoModel Variables
Key	Description
`available`	`true` if available. Otherwise, false.
`reason`	The reason if not available if set. Otherwise, null.